Rulman\u0131n temel g\u00f6revi, aralar\u0131nda relatif d\u00f6nme hareketi olan iki eleman aras\u0131nda s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmeyi minimuma indirmek ve sorunsuz y\u00fck aktar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Rulman d\u00f6nen her mekanizman\u0131n eleman\u0131d\u0131r.
\nM\u00fckemmel bir rulman m\u00fckemmel bir mekanizma yarat\u0131r. Red\u00fckt\u00f6r, vantilat\u00f6r ve pompalarda, tak\u0131m tezgahlar\u0131 millerinde, otomobil \u015faft\u0131, aks, di\u015fli kutusu, kay\u0131\u015f gergi sistemi, alternat\u00f6r ve direksiyon sistemlerinde, su pompas\u0131 ve kap\u0131larda, her \u00e7e\u015fit end\u00fcstriyel elektrik motorunda, \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r makinas\u0131 ve elektrikli s\u00fcp\u00fcrgelerinde, tar\u0131m makinalar\u0131nda, a\u011f\u0131r i\u015f makinalar\u0131nda, r\u00fczgar t\u00fcrbinlerinde, k\u0131sacas\u0131 d\u00f6nen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc mekanizmada rulman kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Yuvarlanma elemanlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evresel olarak e\u015fit aral\u0131kta tutan ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f esnas\u0131nda birbirlerine s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmesini \u00f6nleme amac\u0131yla kafesler kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kuvvet iletiminde kafesler rol almazlar. Kafesler malzemelerine g\u00f6re a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekillerde grupland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlar.
\n\u00c7elik sac kafes (J):<\/b>\u00a0Standart kafes malzemesi DC04-DC01-DC03’dir. 150\u00b0C’ye kadar kullan\u0131labilirler. Sac kafesler 2 par\u00e7a halindedir ve bu 2 yar\u0131m kafes per\u00e7inlerle birbirlerine tutturulurlar.
\nCam y\u00fcn\u00fc takviyesiz Plastik kafes (TN):<\/b>\u00a0115\u00b0C’ye kadar kullan\u0131labilirler. Malzeme genel ad\u0131 P6.6 olarak ge\u00e7er. ORS\u2018 de TN olarak ge\u00e7en isimlendirmenin teknik tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 A4H’t\u0131r.
\nCam y\u00fcn\u00fc takviyeli Plastik kafes (TN1):<\/b>\u00a0150\u00b0C’ye kadar kullan\u0131labilirler. Malzeme genel ad\u0131 P6.6 olarak ge\u00e7er. ORS\u2018 de TN1 olarak ge\u00e7en isimlendirmenin teknik tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 A3HG5’tir.
\nCam y\u00fcn\u00fc takviyeli Plastik kafes (TH1):<\/b>\u00a0170\u00b0C’ye kadar kullan\u0131labilirler. Malzeme genel ad\u0131 P4.6 olarak ge\u00e7er. ORS\u2018 de TH1 olarak ge\u00e7en isimlendirmenin teknik tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 Stanyl’dir.
\nMasif pirin\u00e7 kafes (M):<\/b>\u00a0A\u011f\u0131r y\u00fck ve titre\u015fimlerin oldu\u011fu ortamlarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00dcretilmesi zor ve pahal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00c7elik veya pirin\u00e7 kafesler uygun malzeme sacdan preslenerek, masif kafesler pirin\u00e7 malzemeden i\u015flenerek veya plastik malzemeden enjeksiyonla \u00fcretilebilirler. Son d\u00f6nemlerde malzemesi Polyamid 6.6, Polyamid 4.6 ve normal veya cam y\u00fcn\u00fc takviyeli olan plastik kafesler hafif olmalar\u0131, kayma, \u015fok absorbe edebilme \u00f6zellikleri ve y\u00fcksek devirlerde daha az g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcye sebep olmalar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden bir\u00e7ok uygulamada tercih edilmektedirler. Ayr\u0131ca, fenolik (phenolic) malzemeden \u00fcretilmi\u015f kafesler de m\u00fc\u015fteri iste\u011fi veya uygulama alan\u0131 do\u011frultusunda kullan\u0131labilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Kapaklar, rulman i\u00e7erisindeki gresin d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 ve d\u0131\u015fardan rulman i\u00e7erisine yabanc\u0131 madde girmesini engeller.
\nSac kapak (Z):<\/b>\u00a0Sacdan imal edilirler, malzeme TS 275 – DIN EN 10202\u2018 t\u00fcr. \u0130\u00e7 bilezi\u011fe s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmedikleri i\u00e7in lastik kapaklara g\u00f6re daha y\u00fcksek h\u0131zlarda kullan\u0131labilirler.
\nLastik kapak (RS):<\/b>\u00a0NBR, ACM, FKM, NDNN, HNBR gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli elastomer ve \u00e7elik sac k\u0131s\u0131mdan olu\u015furlar. \u0130\u00e7 bilezi\u011fe s\u00fcrt\u00fcnerek \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u00e7erden d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya veya d\u0131\u015fardan i\u00e7eriye do\u011fru s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131klar\u0131 sac kapaklara g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha iyidir, ancak s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmeden dolay\u0131 y\u00fcksek h\u0131zlarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya uygun de\u011fildirler. Ama y\u00fcksek h\u0131zlar i\u00e7in nispeten daha uygun az temasl\u0131 veya temass\u0131z tasar\u0131m yap\u0131labilir. \u00c7e\u015fitli uygulamalara g\u00f6re i\u00e7 dudak \u015fekilleri farkl\u0131d\u0131r. (RSR, RS1, RDD vb.)<\/p>\n
Lastik esasl\u0131 malzemelerin dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir:
\nNBR :<\/b>\u00a0-30\u00b0C \/ +105\u00b0C (K\u0131sa s\u00fcreli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda max 120 \u00b0C’ye \u00e7\u0131kabilir)
\nNDNN :<\/b>\u00a0-40\u00b0C \/ +130\u00b0C (K\u0131sa s\u00fcreli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda max 150\u00b0C’ye \u00e7\u0131kabilir)
\nHNBR :<\/b>\u00a0-40\u00b0C \/ +150\u00b0C (K\u0131sa s\u00fcreli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda max 170\u00b0C’ye \u00e7\u0131kabilir)
\nACM :<\/b>\u00a0-20\u00b0C \/ +150\u00b0C (K\u0131sa s\u00fcreli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda max 170\u00b0C’ye \u00e7\u0131kabilir)
\nFKM :<\/b>\u00a0-30\u00b0C \/ +200\u00b0C (K\u0131sa s\u00fcreli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda max 230\u00b0C’ye \u00e7\u0131kabilir)<\/p>\nYuvarlanma Yolu Elemanlar\u0131<\/h4>\n
Kuvvet iletimini sa\u011flarlar, rulmanlar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131nda ana etken olarak rol oynarlar.
\nBilyalar k\u00fcresel \u015fekillidirler, kullan\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 yataklarda s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme kuvvetleri di\u011fer rulmanlara g\u00f6re daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr ve \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek h\u0131zlarda d\u00f6nen rulmanl\u0131 yataklarda tercih edilirler. \u00c7elik bilyalar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra seramik bilyalarda rulmanlarda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131rlar. Bilyalar\u0131n rulmandaki temas\u0131 noktasald\u0131r.
\nRulmanlarda kullan\u0131lan makaralar konik, silindirik, k\u00fcresel ve i\u011fne makaral\u0131 olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitleri mevcuttur. Rulmanda \u00e7izgisel temas ile y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131rlar. Temas u\u00e7lar\u0131ndaki y\u00fck da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 minimize etmek i\u00e7in y\u00fczeylerinde bombe mevcuttur. \u00c7izgisel temasa sahip olmas\u0131 nedeniyle ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerdeki bilyal\u0131 rulmana g\u00f6re daha fazla y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
Rulmanlar\u0131n g\u00fcvenilir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, yuvarlanma elemanlar\u0131 ile yuvarlanma yollar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki direkt metal temas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek ve y\u00fczeylerin a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131yla uygun bir \u015fekilde ya\u011flama yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle uygun ya\u011f\u0131n se\u00e7imi, ya\u011flama metodu vb. unsurlar \u00f6nemlidir.
\nRulmanlar\u0131n ya\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gresler, s\u0131v\u0131 ya\u011flar ve \u00f6zel baz\u0131 durumlarda da kat\u0131 ya\u011flar kullan\u0131labilir. Ya\u011flama, s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmeyi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla a\u015f\u0131nmay\u0131 azalt\u0131r ve paslanmay\u0131 \u00f6nler. Ya\u011f, so\u011futma ve s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k g\u00f6revini de \u00fcstlenebilir. Ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahip bir ya\u011f filminin olu\u015fmas\u0131 genelde rulman y\u00fck\u00fcne, devir say\u0131s\u0131na, ya\u011f\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma viskozitesine ve rulman b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.
\nYa\u011f se\u00e7iminde sadece teorik hesaplarla bulunan de\u011ferleri (temas y\u00fczeylerinin mikro ve makro geometrileri, yuvarlanma temas\u0131 an\u0131ndaki ya\u011flama durumu gibi) almakla birlikte bunlara ek olarak tecr\u00fcbe de\u011ferlerine de yer vermek gerekir. \u00d6zellikle y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 katk\u0131 maddeleri (EP katk\u0131lar\u0131) ihtiva eden ya\u011f kimyevi reaksiyona giriyorsa bu konu daha da \u00f6nem kazan\u0131r.
\nGresler, katk\u0131 maddeleri ile kal\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak elde edilen madeni veya sentetik ya\u011flard\u0131r. Gres ile yap\u0131lan ya\u011flama, rulmanlarda kullan\u0131lan en yayg\u0131n ya\u011flama \u015feklidir. Yuvarlanma eleman\u0131 ile bilezik yuvarlanma yollar\u0131 aras\u0131nda film tabakas\u0131 olu\u015fturarak s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmeyi minimum d\u00fczeye indiren gresler rulmanlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m yerlerine g\u00f6re (y\u00fck, s\u0131cakl\u0131k, devir, ortam ko\u015fullar\u0131 vs.) \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitlilik g\u00f6sterir, bu oran t\u00fcm uygulamalar\u0131n %90’\u0131 civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Kullan\u0131m ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n iyi analiz edilerek uygun \u00f6zelliklerde gresin se\u00e7ilmesi gerekir. Rulman i\u00e7erisine konulacak gres miktar\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131 iste\u011fine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fmekle beraber genel olarak rulman i\u00e7 hacminin %20-%30’u aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u00d6zel uygulamalarda bu de\u011ferler de\u011fi\u015febilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, y\u00fcksek h\u0131zlarda gres miktar\u0131 azalt\u0131l\u0131r. Genel olarak imalat esnas\u0131nda rulmana konulan gres, rulman\u0131n t\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6mr\u00fc i\u00e7in yeterlidir.
\nS\u0131v\u0131 ya\u011f ile ya\u011flama genellikle y\u00fcksek h\u0131z veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n gres kullan\u0131m\u0131na uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlarda uygulan\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca az s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme ve rulmanlardaki s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131 at\u0131lmas\u0131, g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc ve vibrasyon azaltmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finde s\u0131v\u0131 ya\u011f ile ya\u011flama yap\u0131l\u0131r. Ya\u011f banyosu, s\u0131\u00e7ratmal\u0131 – \u00e7arpmal\u0131 ya\u011flama, damlatmal\u0131 ya\u011flama, sirk\u00fclasyon ya\u011flamas\u0131, sisli ve hava-ya\u011f kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ile ya\u011flama, p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtmeli ya\u011flama \u00e7e\u015fitli s\u0131v\u0131 ya\u011f ile ya\u011flama \u015fekilleridir.<\/p>\n
Genel anlamda pasa kar\u015f\u0131 koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 olarak paketleme yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r ve bu a\u015famada kullan\u0131lan konzervasyon ya\u011f\u0131 ya da VCI \u00f6nemli rol oynamaktad\u0131r. Paketleme \u015fekilleri (tekli kutulu, tekli naylonlu, d\u00f6kme, \u00f6zel dizayn, vb.), paketleme i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan malzemeler m\u00fc\u015fterilerin taleplerine ve ta\u015f\u0131ma \u015fekillerine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n
Baz\u0131 rulmanlarda uygulama farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da tasar\u0131m gereklili\u011fi nedeniyle aksesuar ad\u0131 verilen komponentlere (par\u00e7alara) ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmaktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda da bask\u0131 kovan\u0131, plastik kovan, somun, ke\u00e7e, sac muhafaza, bask\u0131 yay\u0131, vb. ad\u0131 verilen \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin tasar\u0131m\u0131na da ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmaktad\u0131r. Bu a\u015famada rulmanlar uygun aksesuarlarla birlikte set ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda sat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Rulman\u0131n temel g\u00f6revi, aralar\u0131nda relatif d\u00f6nme hareketi olan iki eleman aras\u0131nda s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmeyi minimuma indirmek ve sorunsuz y\u00fck aktar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Rulman d\u00f6nen her mekanizman\u0131n eleman\u0131d\u0131r. M\u00fckemmel bir rulman m\u00fckemmel bir mekanizma yarat\u0131r. Red\u00fckt\u00f6r, vantilat\u00f6r ve pompalarda, tak\u0131m tezgahlar\u0131 millerinde, otomobil \u015faft\u0131, aks, di\u015fli kutusu, kay\u0131\u015f gergi sistemi, alternat\u00f6r ve direksiyon sistemlerinde, su pompas\u0131 ve kap\u0131larda, her […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2979,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/izmitrulman.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3107"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/izmitrulman.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/izmitrulman.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/izmitrulman.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/izmitrulman.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3107"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/izmitrulman.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3107\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3108,"href":"https:\/\/izmitrulman.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3107\/revisions\/3108"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/izmitrulman.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2979"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/izmitrulman.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3107"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/izmitrulman.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3107"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/izmitrulman.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3107"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}